Battery online monitoring technology in substation applications - Power Circuits - Circuits

[Abstract] This paper explores the application of online battery monitoring technology in the power system, highlighting the challenges faced in its implementation and proposing potential directions for future advancements. [Keywords] online monitoring, intelligent, networked 1 Introduction In the power system, the substation battery serves as a critical backup power source. If a battery pack malfunctions or any related incident occurs, the entire power supply system could fail, leading to equipment shutdowns and significant operational disruptions. Over the past few years, with the increasing adoption of valve-regulated sealed lead-acid batteries (commonly referred to as valve-regulated batteries) in power systems, there have been numerous incidents linked to battery failures, sometimes resulting in fires and station-wide blackouts. The unique valve-regulated sealing design has made it difficult for us to accurately assess the battery's health status. What was once considered a "maintenance-free" advantage has now become a challenge in battery management. While these batteries offer improved performance and reduced maintenance needs, there is a pressing need to develop quick and effective ways to identify failing batteries early and predict their performance trends. Currently, beyond traditional maintenance methods like verification discharge and terminal voltage checks, new technologies have emerged alongside advances in science and technology. The concept of battery online monitoring has gradually found its place in the power system. 2 Application of Battery Online Monitoring Technology The battery online monitoring devices currently deployed in substations are essentially battery inspection instruments. These devices come in two primary types. The first type measures individual battery cell voltages. It consists of a main control module and several acquisition modules. The main module receives commands from the monitor and sends battery data to the DC device monitor. Each acquisition module collects the voltage, current, and temperature of 10 to 20 cells. The DC charging device monitor displays the voltage of each individual battery, identifies faulty ones, and triggers alarms. These battery inspection monitors are typically provided by DC equipment manufacturers and are optional accessories when purchasing DC equipment. However, due to their limited functionality—such as the inability to test capacity, poor measurement accuracy, and frequent false alarms—they have not gained widespread adoption. A schematic of this testing setup is shown in Figure 1:

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While the initial approach has shown promise, further research and development are necessary to address these limitations. Battery monitoring technology holds immense potential for enhancing the reliability and safety of power systems. Future efforts should focus on improving accuracy, expanding functionality, and ensuring seamless integration into existing infrastructure.

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