The invention of IPv9 has sparked debate among skeptics, with many still questioning its relevance. According to Shenyang Bowen, he interviewed Qian Hualin, the chief scientist at the Computer Network Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, who commented on “China’s IPv9.†He emphasized that “Shanghai’s ‘Chinese IPv9’ is not related to the IETF standards of IPv4 and IPv6. The ‘digital domain name (ENUM)’ in China’s IPv9 is not the same as the IETF's concept of ‘Digital Domain Name.’†This distinction highlights the unique approach of China’s IPv9 compared to international standards.
IPv4, which was developed in the early days of the Internet, had a limited address space—only 4.2 billion addresses. As the Internet grew, it became clear that this number would be insufficient. By the early 1990s, discussions began on the next generation of Internet protocols, led by organizations like the IETF and ISO/IEC. These efforts resulted in the development of IPv6, which eventually became the global standard for the next-generation Internet. However, China’s IPv9 also emerged as a significant alternative, aiming to provide a more scalable and flexible solution.
Under the continuous efforts of Chinese engineers, IPv9 research has made significant progress. While IPv6 is now widely recognized internationally, IPv9 has become a foundational element for future network architecture. Designed to avoid major changes to existing IP protocols, IPv9 aims to ensure compatibility while promoting environmental sustainability and reducing carbon emissions. The core idea behind IPv9 is to integrate TCP/IP with circuit switching, allowing routers to support multiple protocols simultaneously. This design enables the coexistence of IPv4, IPv6, and IPv9, gradually replacing the current Internet structure without disrupting existing systems. Due to its thoughtful design, IPv9 has attracted attention from international bodies such as ISO and the Internet Society.
The Friends of IPv9 Overseas Association believes that the concerns raised by the International Wisdom Society are valid and closely related to IPv9 technology. In response, the association organized experts worldwide to study these issues from an IPv9 perspective and submitted their findings for review. The full text of the study is now being published, inviting further comments and discussions from scholars around the globe.
**Research on the Advantages and Disadvantages of IPv9 Address**
In the International Wisdom Society IWS-G13051, a key issue was identified: the contradiction between large address space and communication speed. Solving this requires a multi-dimensional approach rather than binary thinking. This article explores the implications of IPv9's "big address" concept, using China’s IPv9 as a case study. The reason for choosing this example is twofold: first, IPv9 has always been known for its large address proposition; second, the technical solutions developed by China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology have inherited and expanded upon this idea. With greater maturity and detailed documentation, China’s IPv9 provides a solid basis for evaluating the potential of large address schemes.
**Second, the conception and evolution of IPv9 big address**
IPv9 was initially proposed by the US IETF between 1992 and 1995 as a replacement for IPv4. It was known as TUBA, with “BA†standing for “Big Address.†This concept was central to the protocol’s design. The need for a larger address space arose from the limitations of IPv4, which had a 32-bit address format. As the Internet expanded, it became evident that IPv4 would soon run out of available addresses. Therefore, the IAB realized the urgent need for a new protocol to support future growth.
IPv9 was the first proposed alternative to IPv4, and it naturally included a large address scheme to meet the growing demand. Later, competing proposals such as IPv6 also introduced longer address formats, reflecting similar ideas. However, during the evaluation of next-generation protocols, there were significant differences in address lengths. IPv6 originally used a 62-bit address, which some critics argued was too short. In contrast, IPv9 proposed a 128-bit address, which was considered more suitable for long-term scalability. Despite this, IPv6 eventually won due to political and technical factors, though it later adopted the 128-bit address from IPv9.
This historical context shows that both IPv9 and IPv6 share the idea of a large address, but they differ in other technical aspects. The question remains: how large should the address be? Balancing address space and transmission efficiency is crucial for the future of the Internet.
**Second, the address length and network transmission burden**
From the history of IPv9 and IPv6, several key points emerge:
1. Longer address lengths provide more address space.
2. Designing for the future ensures long-term usability.
3. Sufficiently long addresses guarantee practical value.
4. A large address is necessary and beneficial.
5. Longer addresses increase transmission time, creating a trade-off.
6. The real challenge is not whether the address needs to be large, but how large it should be.
7. If there is a clear demand for a certain address length, it must be implemented.
8. When prioritizing service demands over transmission efficiency, the former should take precedence.
**Third, China’s IPv9 big address concept**
While IPv6 adopted the 128-bit address from IPv9, it did not fully realize the vision of a “big address.†IPv9 originally envisioned even longer addresses, such as 1024 bits, but these were deemed too complex. In contrast, China’s IPv9 has taken the concept further, implementing a 256-bit address and even exploring applications with 1024-bit and 2048-bit addresses. These innovations have made previously unattainable concepts into practical technologies.
China’s IPv9 also introduces unique features, such as a decimal address format with annual ring design, which enhances address management and security. Additionally, it allows for direct character-based IP addressing, improving efficiency and safety, especially in cloud computing environments.
**Fourth, how to overcome the problem of network transmission efficiency**
Some may worry that ultra-long addresses will burden the network. However, China’s IPv9 addresses are designed with specific application needs in mind. For example, 2048-bit addresses are essential for advanced encryption, which is critical for future information security. Unlike IPv6, which uses a fixed address length, China’s IPv9 supports a multi-length address system, including ultra-short addresses. This flexibility helps reduce transmission overhead and improves overall performance.
Moreover, China’s IPv9 incorporates additional technologies such as character-based routing and optimized transport protocols, which help offset the impact of longer addresses. These innovations ensure that the network remains efficient even with larger address spaces.
**V. Conclusion**
In conclusion, the big address does not necessarily increase network burden. By directly mapping characters to binary code, unnecessary steps are eliminated, reducing overhead and improving security. Small addresses can also reduce wireless cell processing time, enhancing performance. China’s IPv9 not only implements the big address concept but also adds practical benefits, making it a strong contender for the future of the Internet.
Currently, there is a tendency to overly criticize new technologies based on minor flaws. This approach is unwise. Instead, experts should conduct comprehensive assessments, consider the broader implications, and give new technologies the chance to evolve and improve. Only then can innovation thrive, and China’s IPv9 can continue to strengthen the country’s network and information security.
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