The 12V to 220V inverter circuit is essentially an oscillating circuit that converts direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC). This AC is then stepped up to 220V using a transformer, allowing the output to power various electrical devices. The inverter system is composed of three main components: the inverter circuit, the logic control circuit, and the filter circuit. These parts work together to ensure stable and efficient power conversion.
The inverter circuit is responsible for converting DC to AC, while the control circuit manages the overall operation of the system. The filter circuit helps remove unwanted noise and ensures a cleaner output signal. The working process involves several stages: first, the oscillating circuit converts the DC voltage into AC; next, the coil increases the voltage of the irregular AC into a square wave; finally, the rectification process smooths out the square wave into a more sinusoidal AC waveform, making it suitable for most electronic devices.
The schematic diagram shown below features a large power transistor, such as the 2N3055, which is commonly used in such circuits. Only two resistors are required, and it's recommended to use higher wattage resistors—like a 1W, 400Ω resistor—to increase the circuit’s output capacity. If a 1W resistor isn't available, four 1/4W resistors can be connected in parallel to achieve a similar resistance value.
Another version of the circuit includes a transformer for boosting the voltage and a power supply for input. The remaining components form a rectangular wave circuit. Resistors R1 and R2 are typically between 1.2kΩ and 4.7kΩ, and there are no strict requirements for the transistor unless the transformer has a high capacity. In such cases, a power transistor may be necessary.
In one specific design, a 0V-12V-12V transformer is used along with a Darlington transistor like the MJ11032. With a 4.7kΩ resistor, this configuration can produce around 100W of output power. However, the transformer’s power rating must be carefully selected to match the desired output.
The fourth circuit uses a MOSFET and a standard power transformer. Its output power depends on both the MOSFET and the transformer’s capabilities. This design is often preferred for its efficiency and simplicity.
These schematics provide different approaches to building a 12V to 220V inverter, each with its own advantages depending on the intended application and power requirements. Whether you're looking for a basic model or a more powerful unit, understanding these circuits can help you choose the right components for your project.
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