O LED is a solid-state device consisting of organic molecular sheets that emit light after application of electricity. OLEDs enable electronic devices to produce brighter, sharper images that consume less power than traditional light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and are smaller than today's liquid crystal displays (LCDs).
In this article, you will learn about the workings of O LED technology , what types of OLEDs, the advantages and disadvantages of OLEDs compared to other lighting technologies, and some of the problems that OLEDs need to overcome.
Similar to LEDs, OLEDs are solid-state semiconductor devices that are 100-500 nanometers thick and 200 times thinner than hair. The OLED consists of two or three layers of organic material; in accordance with the latest OLED design, the third layer assists in the transfer of electrons from the cathode to the emissive layer. This paper mainly deals with the two-layer design model.
First, the structure of OLED
OLED consists of the following parts:
OLED structure
Base layer (transparent plastic, glass, metal foil) - the base layer is used to support the entire OLED.
Anode (transparent) - The anode eliminates electrons (increasing electron "holes") as current flows through the device.
Organic layer - The organic layer is composed of organic molecules or organic polymers.
Conductive layer - This layer consists of organic plastic molecules that carry "holes" from the anode. Polyaniline can be used as the conductive polymer of the OLED.
Emissive layer - This layer consists of organic plastic molecules (different from the conductive layer) that transport electrons from the cathode; the luminescence process takes place at this layer. Polyfluorene can be used as the emissive layer polymer.
The cathode (which may be transparent or opaque, depending on the type of OLED) - the cathode will inject electrons into the circuit when current is flowing through the device.
Second, the manufacture of OLED
The most important part of the OLED production process is the application of an organic layer to the substrate. There are three ways to do this:
1. Vacuum deposition or vacuum thermal evaporation (VTE)
The organic molecules located in the vacuum chamber are slightly heated (evaporated) and then the molecules are condensed in the form of a film on the lower temperature substrate. This method is costly but less efficient.
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