Professional audio system connection

There are many types of audio system connections, and different systems and devices have different connection methods. But in general, the principle is the same, mainly there are: audio source + amplifier + speaker, composed.



1. The current sound source includes various instruments, various sound source players and some special sound generators.



2. The power amplifier is composed of various amplifying circuits, which can amplify the signal of the previous stage to promote the speaker of the latter stage.



3, now generally combine multiple speakers together to form a speaker, also composed of many types of speakers.



The above is the simplest set of sound systems. Of course, many auxiliary devices have been added to the current system, which we call: peripheral devices. We now flexibly match the sound system according to the characteristics of use and the requirements of the customer. However, the sound effects produced by the different connection methods of the same equipment are different, so we need our technicians to master this knowledge.



Common cables and connectors in audio systems



In order to achieve contact transmission, communication, etc. between the equipment and the equipment in the sound system, it must rely on the tools connected to it, which is the wire and the joint. It occupies a very important role in the entire audio system. Now there are many types of connectors and connectors used in professional audio systems. Below we briefly introduce the common types of wires and connectors:



First, all kinds of wire



1. Professional audio cable: Now the audio cable has two cores, three cores, four cores, five cores, etc. This kind of line can be used to transmit high quality audio signals because of good shielding effect; now more professional microphones generally use three cores. The above wire, this wire has strong anti-interference ability and can be transmitted over long distances. Of course, this wire can also transmit other signals, such as DMX512 control signals for transmitting computer lights.



2, coaxial cable: generally used in video, there are some audio cables, because this wire is less anti-interference ability, coupled with the design is not mainly used to transmit audio signals, so it is not suitable for long distance Audio signal transmission.



3. Concentrated cable: It is the multiple signal wires wrapped in the same protection tube, which is generally used inside the connection system to reduce the number of independent wires. It is now also used in special vehicles such as TV OB vans, underground pre-buried and other. This kind of line is generally processed by professional manufacturers, and the quality is more secure.



4. Optical fiber: Many transmission cables commonly used in recording and playback equipment such as CD or MD, which transmit digital signals. With the popularity of digitalization, the use of optical fiber in audio systems will increase in the future.



5, MIDI cable: usually a five-core cable, transmitting information about MIDI, and now most of them are used in keyboards, effects and other devices.



6, there are some special wires, such as the multi-core cable used in the computer VOD system used to connect to the network can now also be used to transmit audio and video, to achieve computer auto-on-demand function.



Second, a variety of connectors:



1, XLR: commonly known as the card ring connector (Cannon), this connector is composed of three contacts, respectively 1--Ground ground;



2--hot end (+ level); 3--cold end (-level), of course, some equipments specify 3 is hot end (+ level); 2 is cold end (-level), this point to see the equipment Instructions. The cassette connection plug-in is the most widely used type of connector in the professional audio system. It can be used to transmit various types of audio signals in the audio system. Generally, the balanced input and output terminals are connected by using the card connector. In a sense, the use of a card connector is also one of the characteristics of a professional audio system that is different from a civilian audio. The benefits are:



a. Using balanced transmission mode, it has strong resistance to external interference, which is conducive to long-distance transmission.



b. With spring locking device, the connection is reliable and it is not easy to pull off.



c. The connector specifies the signal flow direction to prevent errors on the connection.



The plug has a male plug and a female plug, and the socket also has a male socket and a female socket. The male plug is the pin, and the female plug is the jack. According to the common practice in the world, the input terminal is used as a signal with a male plug or socket; the female plug and socket are used as the output end of the signal.



2, RCA: commonly known in China as the lotus head (because of some types of RCA connectors look like lotus petals), this joint is composed of two joints, respectively hot (+ level); cold end grounding (- Level), which uses coaxial cable connection, of course, can also use multi-core audio cable, often used in general home audio equipment. Because it is about 3.5 cm in length, I usually call it: 3.5cm plug.



3, TRS: generally called stereo connector, it is composed of three contacts, respectively: head end (+ level); ring end (-level); ground (Ground), used in small headphones on the length of 3.5 cm Left and right, but it is still used in professional audio . Its length is 6.35 cm. At present, the high-impedance input and plug-in socket of professional mixers mostly use this plug. Most other audio equipments also use this port.



4, TS: commonly known as mono (sound) connector, this connector is composed of two contacts, respectively, the head end (+ level); ground (Ground). The above two connectors, used in professional audio , have a length of 6.35 cm, so I usually call it: 6.35 cm plug. Although the TS connector and the TRS connector are the same length and similar in appearance, the specific functions can be different. The TRS stereo connector can transmit signals in a balanced manner with a three-core cable; however, the TS mono connector can only use unbalanced signaling. the way.



5, MIDI connector: Use the connector on the MIDI application, there are five pins to transmit information about MIDI.



6, speaker connector, now generally use four-core professional connector, and some use TS mono connector or other methods.



7, all kinds of adapters: you can easily use this connector to switch between a variety of different joints.



8. There are other special connectors that are not introduced here.



Third, the production of the connection line in the sound system



At present, the input and output signal modes of professional audio equipment are basically divided into: Balance balance mode and Unbalance unbalance mode. Of course, the balanced and balanced, unbalanced and unbalanced ports can be directly fed with signals; in the case of higher requirements, between the balanced and unbalanced ports, special converters must be connected to each other. However, in actual engineering, as long as the signal line is not too long and the interference is not too large, the balanced port and the unbalanced port can be directly connected to the normal transmission signal. In a sound system, in addition to the power transmission line between the amplifier and the speaker, the signal connection between other devices should be transmitted in a balanced manner as much as possible, which can improve the anti-interference ability of the system and increase the effective transmission of the signal. Distance, line:



A. Signal line between balance and balance:



1. XLR card connector + XLR card connector: This type of wire is used most in professional audio systems. Connect the shield layer, contact 2 is connected to the signal hot end (+ Pole), and contact 3 is connected to the signal cold end (- pole).



2, TRS stereo connector → TRS stereo connector: the production side of the two TRS stereo connector between the head end (+ level), ring end (-level), ground (Ground) three contacts respectively. This kind of line should actually be used in a large number in the sound system, but many sound engineers often use the TS single tone (sound) connector instead of the map. This is especially important to note that this alternative signal transmission method is balanced transmission. It became an unbalanced transmission.



3, XLR card male or female connector → TRS stereo connector: production aspect card XLR 侬 connector contact 1 (shielded ground) docking TRS stereo ground (Ground); XLR contact 2 hot end (+ pole) docking TRS head (+ pole); XLR contact 3 cold end (-pole) docked to the ring end (- pole) of the TRS. This is also a balanced transmission method, which is also frequently used in professional audio systems.



4, XLR card 侬 public → XLR card 侬 public or XLR card 侬 mother → XLR card 侬 mother: This line is a bit special, up to the signal connection between the amplifier and the amplifier or between the amplifier and other peripheral devices, the production is also Connect the three contacts of 1, 2, and 3 between the two connectors, the contact 1 is connected to the shield, the contact 2 is connected to the signal hot end (+ pole), and the contact 3 is connected to the signal cold end (-pole).



Another point, in order to prevent "loop interference", we can vacate one of the XLR card joints of one of the signal lines (shield ground) or the ground of a TRS stereo connector (Ground) in a special case. Not connected, for example: an XLR card 侬 public to the XLR card 侬 mother's balance line, we can vacate the XLR card 侬 female connector inside the contact 1 (shield ground) to not connect, so as to avoid some interference between the devices; The principle of the TRS connector is the same, just vacate a ground contact. Such a balance line we originally had to weld 6 solder joints at the time of production, and now one is to weld 5 solder joints, but the unbalanced line cannot use this method.



B. Signal line between unbalanced and unbalanced: generally refers to the signal line between the TS single tone (sound) connector and the TS tone (sound) connector. This is an unbalanced transmission method. The two ends of the two TS monophonic (sound) connectors are connected at the head end (+ level) and ground (Ground).



C. Signal line between balance and non-equilibrium: XLR card or XLR card connector → TS tone (sound) connector, this connection method actually turns into an unbalanced transmission mode. The contacts 1 and 3 of the XLR card connector are connected to the shielded wire and then grounded to the ground of the TS single tone (sound) connector; the XLR contact 2 hot end (+ pole) is connected to the head of the TS monophonic (sound) connector (+ pole). In professional audio systems, such lines are often used in microphones in the box karaoke system.



D. Speaker cable: In the connection of the amplifier and speaker of the professional audio system, the resistance of the speaker cable should be as low as possible, and the thick and short wires and reasonable wiring should be selected. Today's speakers generally use four-core professional connectors, and the power amplifiers also generally use four-core professional connectors or binding posts. In terms of production, the 1 (+ pole) and 1 (-pole) of the speaker's four-core professional connector are output with the power amplifier ( +Pole and (-pole) are properly connected. There are also speakers or amplifiers that use TS mono connectors and binding posts, which are connected in the same way. All are positive to positive, negative to negative, if reversed, the speaker will reverse, which will affect the sound quality and stability of the speaker, while avoiding short circuit when connecting, otherwise it will damage the power amplifier equipment.



In general, the above is the type of cable we often use in the system. Maybe we didn't pay much attention to the connection of the signal cable and the speaker cable before. Take the signal cable as an example: in fact, it is just like the blood vessels in the human body! And in terms of stability and long-term considerations, we must use high-quality wire and high-quality plugs, and ensure that they are welded with high quality and trouble-free. Now, when I do the project, no matter how busy and tired, I am used to soldering all the signal cables in the system. If the signal line connected by others is connected to the system, there is no point at all, just like you don’t know how to move forward. There will be a mine on the road. You don't know which signal line will fail. So, relatively, the bad equipment can also believe its stability, but I don't believe in quality. Not guaranteed signal cable and speaker cable!



Fourth, the sound system equipment connection order:



After making all kinds of signal cables, we have to prepare for the device connection. Now there are more peripheral devices in the audio system. There must always be a connection when I connect. In my last series of articles, I have already introduced them. Here again. Summarize a few simple join sequences:



1. Bass system equipment connection sequence: mixer (1-2 groups) → equalizer → crossover → compressor → bass amplifier → subwoofer.



2, auxiliary audio system equipment connection sequence: mixer (3-4 group) → equalizer → delay device (optional) → pressure limiter → auxiliary speaker amplifier → auxiliary speaker.



3, the main audio system equipment connection sequence: mixer (LR main channel) → equalizer → exciter (optional) → feedback suppressor (optional) → pressure limiter → main speaker amplifier → main speaker.



4, monitoring system equipment connection sequence: mixer (AUX output) → equalizer → pressure limiter → monitor speaker amplifier → monitor speakers.



The first connection method above can control the volume of the bass separately, so that the volume of the mixer 1-2 group can be increased when it is slow or dip, and it can be opened when the singer sings, which is very flexible. The second connection method can also control the sound of the auxiliary speaker very well; the third main speaker we are used to output the volume from the LR total output of the mixer; the fourth kind of monitoring system, the standard is from AUX The volume is output so that the volume of each channel of the mixer can be flexibly adjusted according to the requirements of the singer or the band, but in a smaller sound system, the monitor signal can be taken directly from the main channel signal. The above 1st and 2nd connection methods should also pay attention: since 1-2, 3-4 groups, we have independently output signals to the bass system and auxiliary system from the corresponding output ports, then 1-2, 3- 4 groupings should not be output through the total volume of the mixer, that is, the switch of 1-2, 3-4 grouping to the total volume of the mixer should not be opened.



Of course, we still have to flexibly arrange the order of the devices when they are needed according to the number of devices and the number of devices. The above order is for reference only.



5. Points when the device is connected:



The above briefly introduces the types of various connection lines, the production and the connection order of the devices. In the specific connection of the devices, facing a wide variety of device sockets, many sound engineers do not know how to start, but it is very simple. Everyone just needs to remember the following points:



1. Balance balance mode: Nowadays, the sockets on the rear panel of most audio equipment are balanced ports. We only choose to connect the equipment with the balanced line of XLR card connector or connect the balance line of TRS6.35cm stereo connector. Equipment only.



2, Unbalance unbalanced side: Although the sockets on the rear panel of most audio equipment are balanced ports, some devices still have unbalanced ports. For example, some electronic crossovers have output outlets labeled: BalanceOUT (balanced output) and UnbalanceOUT (unbalanced) output, so we can also use the unbalanced line of the TS6.35cm mono connector to connect the device, as long as the line is not too long, the interference is not too large, so the connection is still possible.



3, IN input and OUT output: Some beginners look at the back of the device, there are so many sockets to faint, in fact, there is a flaw: no matter what audio equipment, basically can be divided into "IN input" and "OUT output" Most of them, so we only need to look for "IN and OUT". Other unfamiliar sockets should not be connected casually. In short, the connected equipment is like running water: the upstream water flows into the "IN input"; the flow downstream The water will flow out through the "OUT output", so that the first level is not very simple?
There are many types of audio system connections, and different systems and devices have different connection methods. But in general, the principle is the same, mainly there are: audio source + amplifier + speaker, composed.



1. The current sound source includes various instruments, various sound source players and some special sound generators.



2. The power amplifier is composed of various amplifying circuits, which can amplify the signal of the previous stage to promote the speaker of the latter stage.



3, now generally combine multiple speakers together to form a speaker, also composed of many types of speakers.



The above is the simplest set of sound systems. Of course, many auxiliary devices have been added to the current system, which we call: peripheral devices. We now flexibly match the sound system according to the characteristics of use and the requirements of the customer. However, the sound effects produced by the different connection methods of the same equipment are different, so we need our technicians to master this knowledge.



Common cables and connectors in audio systems



In order to achieve contact transmission, communication, etc. between the equipment and the equipment in the sound system, it must rely on the tools connected to it, which is the wire and the joint. It occupies a very important role in the entire audio system. Now there are many types of connectors and connectors used in professional audio systems. Below we briefly introduce the common types of wires and connectors:



First, all kinds of wire



1. Professional audio cable: Now the audio cable has two cores, three cores, four cores, five cores, etc. This kind of line can be used to transmit high quality audio signals because of good shielding effect; now more professional microphones generally use three cores. The above wire, this wire has strong anti-interference ability and can be transmitted over long distances. Of course, this wire can also transmit other signals, such as DMX512 control signals for transmitting computer lights.



2, coaxial cable: generally used in video, there are some audio cables, because this wire is less anti-interference ability, coupled with the design is not mainly used to transmit audio signals, so it is not suitable for long distance Audio signal transmission.



3. Concentrated cable: It is the multiple signal wires wrapped in the same protection tube, which is generally used inside the connection system to reduce the number of independent wires. It is now also used in special vehicles such as TV OB vans, underground pre-buried and other. This kind of line is generally processed by professional manufacturers, and the quality is more secure.



4. Optical fiber: Many transmission cables commonly used in recording and playback equipment such as CD or MD, which transmit digital signals. With the popularity of digitalization, the use of optical fiber in audio systems will increase in the future.



5, MIDI cable: usually a five-core cable, transmitting information about MIDI, and now most of them are used in keyboards, effects and other devices.



6, there are some special wires, such as the multi-core cable used in the computer VOD system used to connect to the network can now also be used to transmit audio and video, to achieve computer auto-on-demand function.



Second, a variety of connectors:



1, XLR: commonly known as the card ring connector (Cannon), this connector is composed of three contacts, respectively 1--Ground ground;



2--hot end (+ level); 3--cold end (-level), of course, some equipments specify 3 is hot end (+ level); 2 is cold end (-level), this point to see the equipment Instructions. The cassette connection plug-in is the most widely used type of connector in the professional audio system. It can be used to transmit various types of audio signals in the audio system. Generally, the balanced input and output terminals are connected by using the card connector. In a sense, the use of a card connector is also one of the characteristics of a professional audio system that is different from a civilian audio. The benefits are:



a. Using balanced transmission mode, it has strong resistance to external interference, which is conducive to long-distance transmission.



b. With spring locking device, the connection is reliable and it is not easy to pull off.



c. The connector specifies the signal flow direction to prevent errors on the connection.



The plug has a male plug and a female plug, and the socket also has a male socket and a female socket. The male plug is the pin, and the female plug is the jack. According to the common practice in the world, the input terminal is used as a signal with a male plug or socket; the female plug and socket are used as the output end of the signal.



2, RCA: commonly known in China as the lotus head (because of some types of RCA connectors look like lotus petals), this joint is composed of two joints, respectively hot (+ level); cold end grounding (- Level), which uses coaxial cable connection, of course, can also use multi-core audio cable, often used in general home audio equipment. Because it is about 3.5 cm in length, I usually call it: 3.5cm plug.



3, TRS: generally called stereo connector, it is composed of three contacts, respectively: head end (+ level); ring end (-level); ground (Ground), used in small headphones on the length of 3.5 cm Left and right, but it is still used in professional audio . Its length is 6.35 cm. At present, the high-impedance input and plug-in socket of professional mixers mostly use this plug. Most other audio equipments also use this port.



4, TS: commonly known as mono (sound) connector, this connector is composed of two contacts, respectively, the head end (+ level); ground (Ground). The above two connectors, used in professional audio , have a length of 6.35 cm, so I usually call it: 6.35 cm plug. Although the TS connector and the TRS connector are the same length and similar in appearance, the specific functions can be different. The TRS stereo connector can transmit signals in a balanced manner with a three-core cable; however, the TS mono connector can only use unbalanced signaling. the way.



5, MIDI connector: Use the connector on the MIDI application, there are five pins to transmit information about MIDI.



6, speaker connector, now generally use four-core professional connector, and some use TS mono connector or other methods.



7, all kinds of adapters: you can easily use this connector to switch between a variety of different joints.



8. There are other special connectors that are not introduced here.



Third, the production of the connection line in the sound system



At present, the input and output signal modes of professional audio equipment are basically divided into: Balance balance mode and Unbalance unbalance mode. Of course, the balanced and balanced, unbalanced and unbalanced ports can be directly fed with signals; in the case of higher requirements, between the balanced and unbalanced ports, special converters must be connected to each other. However, in actual engineering, as long as the signal line is not too long and the interference is not too large, the balanced port and the unbalanced port can be directly connected to the normal transmission signal. In a sound system, in addition to the power transmission line between the amplifier and the speaker, the signal connection between other devices should be transmitted in a balanced manner as much as possible, which can improve the anti-interference ability of the system and increase the effective transmission of the signal. Distance, line:



A. Signal line between balance and balance:



1. XLR card connector + XLR card connector: This type of wire is used most in professional audio systems. Connect the shield layer, contact 2 is connected to the signal hot end (+ pole), and contact 3 is connected to the signal cold end (- pole).



2, TRS stereo connector → TRS stereo connector: the production side of the two TRS stereo connector between the head end (+ level), ring end (-level), ground (Ground) three contacts respectively. This kind of line should actually be used in a large number in the sound system, but many sound engineers often use the TS single tone (sound) connector instead of the map. This is especially important to note that this alternative signal transmission method is balanced transmission. It became an unbalanced transmission.



3, XLR card male or female connector → TRS stereo connector: production aspect card XLR 侬 connector contact 1 (shielded ground) docking TRS stereo ground (Ground); XLR contact 2 hot end (+ pole) docking TRS head (+ pole); XLR contact 3 cold end (-pole) docked to the ring end (- pole) of the TRS. This is also a balanced transmission method, which is also frequently used in professional audio systems.



4, XLR card 侬 public → XLR card 侬 public or XLR card 侬 mother → XLR card 侬 mother: This line is a bit special, up to the signal connection between the amplifier and the amplifier or between the amplifier and other peripheral devices, the production is also Connect the three contacts of 1, 2, and 3 between the two connectors, the contact 1 is connected to the shield, the contact 2 is connected to the signal hot end (+ pole), and the contact 3 is connected to the signal cold end (-pole).



Another point, in order to prevent "loop interference", we can vacate one of the XLR card joints of one of the signal lines (shield ground) or the ground of a TRS stereo connector (Ground) in a special case. Not connected, for example: an XLR card 侬 public to the XLR card 侬 mother's balance line, we can vacate the XLR card 侬 female connector inside the contact 1 (shield ground) to not connect, so as to avoid some interference between the devices; The principle of the TRS connector is the same, just vacate a ground contact. Such a balance line we originally had to weld 6 solder joints at the time of production, and now one is to weld 5 solder joints, but the unbalanced line cannot use this method.



B. Signal line between unbalanced and unbalanced: generally refers to the signal line between the TS single tone (sound) connector and the TS tone (sound) connector. This is an unbalanced transmission method. The two ends of the two TS monophonic (sound) connectors are connected at the head end (+ level) and ground (Ground).



C. Signal line between balance and non-equilibrium: XLR card or XLR card connector → TS tone (sound) connector, this connection method actually turns into an unbalanced transmission mode. The contacts 1 and 3 of the XLR card connector are connected to the shielded wire and then grounded to the ground of the TS single tone (sound) connector; the XLR contact 2 hot end (+ pole) is connected to the head of the TS monophonic (sound) connector (+ pole). In professional audio systems, such lines are often used in microphones in the box karaoke system.



D. Speaker cable: In the connection of the amplifier and speaker of the professional audio system, the resistance of the speaker cable should be as low as possible, and the thick and short wires and reasonable wiring should be selected. Today's speakers generally use four-core professional connectors, and the power amplifiers also generally use four-core professional connectors or binding posts. In terms of production, the 1 (+ pole) and 1 (-pole) of the speaker's four-core professional connector are output with the power amplifier ( +Pole and (-pole) are properly connected. There are also speakers or amplifiers that use TS mono connectors and binding posts, which are connected in the same way. All are positive to positive, negative to negative, if reversed, the speaker will reverse, which will affect the sound quality and stability of the speaker, while avoiding short circuit when connecting, otherwise it will damage the power amplifier equipment.



In general, the above is the type of cable we often use in the system. Maybe we didn't pay much attention to the connection of the signal cable and the speaker cable before. Take the signal cable as an example: in fact, it is just like the blood vessels in the human body! And in terms of stability and long-term considerations, we must use high-quality wire and high-quality plugs, and ensure that they are welded with high quality and trouble-free. Now, when I do the project, no matter how busy and tired, I am used to soldering all the signal cables in the system. If the signal line connected by others is connected to the system, there is no point at all, just like you don’t know how to move forward. There will be a mine on the road. You don't know which signal line will fail. So, relatively, the bad equipment can also believe its stability, but I don't believe in quality. Not guaranteed signal cable and speaker cable!



Fourth, the sound system equipment connection order:



After making all kinds of signal cables, we have to prepare for the device connection. Now there are more peripheral devices in the audio system. There must always be a connection when I connect. In my last series of articles, I have already introduced them. Here again. Summarize a few simple join sequences:



1. Bass system equipment connection sequence: mixer (1-2 groups) → equalizer → crossover → compressor → bass amplifier → subwoofer.



2, auxiliary audio system equipment connection sequence: mixer (3-4 group) → equalizer → delay device (optional) → pressure limiter → auxiliary speaker amplifier → auxiliary speaker.



3, the main audio system equipment connection sequence: mixer (LR main channel) → equalizer → exciter (optional) → feedback suppressor (optional) → pressure limiter → main speaker amplifier → main speaker.



4, monitoring system equipment connection sequence: mixer (AUX output) → equalizer → pressure limiter → monitor speaker amplifier → monitor speakers.



The first connection method above can control the volume of the bass separately, so that the volume of the mixer 1-2 group can be increased when it is slow or dip, and it can be opened when the singer sings, which is very flexible. The second connection method can also control the sound of the auxiliary speaker very well; the third main speaker we are used to output the volume from the LR total output of the mixer; the fourth kind of monitoring system, the standard is from AUX The volume is output so that the volume of each channel of the mixer can be flexibly adjusted according to the requirements of the singer or the band, but in a smaller sound system, the monitor signal can be taken directly from the main channel signal. The above 1st and 2nd connection methods should also pay attention: since 1-2, 3-4 groups, we have independently output signals to the bass system and auxiliary system from the corresponding output ports, then 1-2, 3- 4 groupings should not be output through the total volume of the mixer, that is, the switch of 1-2, 3-4 grouping to the total volume of the mixer should not be opened.



Of course, we still have to flexibly arrange the order of the devices when they are needed according to the number of devices and the number of devices. The above order is for reference only.



5. Points when the device is connected:



The above briefly introduces the types of various connection lines, the production and the connection order of the devices. In the specific connection of the devices, facing a wide variety of device sockets, many sound engineers do not know how to start, but it is very simple. Everyone just needs to remember the following points:



1. Balance balance mode: Nowadays, the sockets on the rear panel of most audio equipment are balanced ports. We only choose to connect the equipment with the balanced line of XLR card connector or connect the balance line of TRS6.35cm stereo connector. Equipment only.



2, Unbalance unbalanced side: Although the sockets on the rear panel of most audio equipment are balanced ports, some devices still have unbalanced ports. For example, some electronic crossovers have output outlets labeled: BalanceOUT (balanced output) and UnbalanceOUT (unbalanced) output, so we can also use the unbalanced line of the TS6.35cm mono connector to connect the device, as long as the line is not too long, the interference is not too large, so the connection is still possible.



3, IN input and OUT output: Some beginners look at the back of the device, there are so many sockets to faint, in fact, there is a flaw: no matter what audio equipment, basically can be divided into "IN input" and "OUT output" Most of them, so we only need to look for "IN and OUT". Other unfamiliar sockets should not be connected casually. In short, the connected equipment is like running water: the upstream water flows into the "IN input"; the flow downstream The water will flow out through the "OUT output", so that the first level is not very simple?
There are many types of audio system connections, and different systems and devices have different connection methods. But in general, the principle is the same, mainly there are: audio source + amplifier + speaker, composed.



1. The current sound source includes various instruments, various sound source players and some special sound generators.



2. The power amplifier is composed of various amplifying circuits, which can amplify the signal of the previous stage to promote the speaker of the latter stage.



3, now generally combine multiple speakers together to form a speaker, also composed of many types of speakers.



The above is the simplest set of sound systems. Of course, many auxiliary devices have been added to the current system, which we call: peripheral devices. We now flexibly match the sound system according to the characteristics of use and the requirements of the customer. However, the sound effects produced by the different connection methods of the same equipment are different, so we need our technicians to master this knowledge.



Common cables and connectors in audio systems



In order to achieve contact transmission, communication, etc. between the equipment and the equipment in the sound system, it must rely on the tools connected to it, which is the wire and the joint. It occupies a very important role in the entire audio system. Now there are many types of connectors and connectors used in professional audio systems. Below we briefly introduce the common types of wires and connectors:



First, all kinds of wire



1. Professional audio cable: Now the audio cable has two cores, three cores, four cores, five cores, etc. This kind of line can be used to transmit high quality audio signals because of good shielding effect; now more professional microphones generally use three cores. The above wire, this wire has strong anti-interference ability and can be transmitted over long distances. Of course, this wire can also transmit other signals, such as DMX512 control signals for transmitting computer lights.



2, coaxial cable: generally used in video, there are some audio cables, because this wire is less anti-interference ability, coupled with the design is not mainly used to transmit audio signals, so it is not suitable for long distance Audio signal transmission.



3. Concentrated cable: It is the multiple signal wires wrapped in the same protection tube, which is generally used inside the connection system to reduce the number of independent wires. It is now also used in special vehicles such as TV OB vans, underground pre-buried and other. This kind of line is generally processed by professional manufacturers, and the quality is more secure.



4. Optical fiber: Many transmission cables commonly used in recording and playback equipment such as CD or MD, which transmit digital signals. With the popularity of digitalization, the use of optical fiber in audio systems will increase in the future.



5, MIDI cable: usually a five-core cable, transmitting information about MIDI, and now most of them are used in keyboards, effects and other devices.



6, there are some special wires, such as the multi-core cable used in the computer VOD system used to connect to the network can now also be used to transmit audio and video, to achieve computer auto-on-demand function.



Second, a variety of connectors:



1, XLR: commonly known as the card ring connector (Cannon), this connector is composed of three contacts, respectively 1--Ground ground;



2--hot end (+ level); 3--cold end (-level), of course, some equipments specify 3 is hot end (+ level); 2 is cold end (-level), this point to see the equipment Instructions. The cassette connection plug-in is the most widely used type of connector in the professional audio system. It can be used to transmit various types of audio signals in the audio system. Generally, the balanced input and output terminals are connected by using the card connector.在某种意义上说,使用卡侬接插件也是专业音响系统有别于民用音响的特征之一,其好处是:



a、采用平衡传输方式的,抗外界干扰能力较强,利于远距离传输。



b、具有弹簧锁定装置,连接可靠,不易拉脱。



c、接插件规定了信号流向,便于防止连接上的差错。



卡侬插头有公插与母插之分,插座也同样有公插座与母插座之分。公插的接点是插针,而母插的接点是插孔。按照国际上通用的惯例,以公插头或插座作信号的输入端;以母插头、插座作为信号的输出端。



2、RCA∶在中国一般俗称莲花头(因某些型式的RCA接头外观看似莲花瓣),此种接头是由两个接点所组成,分别为热端(+级);冷端接地(-级),其使用同轴电缆连接,当然也可以使用多芯音频线,常使用在一般家用音响器材上。因其长度在3.5厘米左右,所以通常我又叫它:3.5cm插头。



3、TRS∶一般叫立体声接头,它是由三个接点所组成,分别为:头端(+级);环端(-级);接地(Ground),使用在小型耳机上的长度在3.5厘米左右,但最多还是使用在专业音响当中,其长度为:6.35厘米,目前专业调音台的高阻输入和插入插出插口大都使用这种插头,其它音响设备也大都采用了此端口。



4、TS∶俗称单音(声)接头,此种接头是由两个接点所组成,分别为头端(+级);接地端(Ground)。以上两种接头,用在专业音响里的其长度在6.35厘米左右,所以通常我又叫它:6.35cm插头。虽然TS接头和TRS接头二者长度一样,外表也很相似,但具体功能可不同,TRS立体声接头可以用三芯线做平衡方式传送信号;但TS单声道接头只能采用非平衡的信号传送方式。



5、MIDI接头∶使用在MIDI应用上的接头,有五个针脚,传送有关MIDI上的信息。



6、音箱接头,现在一般使用四芯专业接头,还有的采用TS单声道接头或者其它方法。



7、各式转换接头:可以方便的运用这种接头在各种不同接头之间转换。



8、还有其它一些特殊接头在这里就不做过多介绍了。



三、音响系统中连接线的制作



目前专业音响设备的输入、输出信号方式基本上分为:Balance平衡方式与Unbalance非平衡方式。平衡与平衡、非平衡与非平衡端口之间当然是可以直接馈送信号的;在要求较高的场合,平衡与非平衡端口之间,则须经过专门的转换器才能相互连接。但在实际工程当中,只要信号线不要太长、干扰不要太大,平衡端口和非平衡端口是可以直接相连正常传输信号的。在一套音响系统中,除了功放与音箱间的功率传输线以外,其它设备之间的信号连接线要应尽可能多采用平衡方式进行传输,这样可以提高系统的抗干扰能力,增加信号的有效传输距离,线:



A、平衡与平衡之间的信号线:



1、XLR卡侬公接头→XLR卡侬母接头:这种线在专业音响系统中使用的最多,制作方面把卡侬公和母之间1、2、3三个接点分别连接起来,接点1接屏蔽层,接点2接信号热端(+极),接点3接信号冷端(-极)。



2、TRS立体声接头→TRS立体声接头:制作方面分别把两个TRS立体声接头之间的头端(+级)、环端(-级)、接地(Ground)三个接点分别连接起来。这种线实际上在音响系统中也应该大量使用,但是好多音响师由于图省事,经常用TS单音(声)接头来代替了,这个尤其要注意,这样一代替信号传输方式就从平衡传输变成非平衡传输了。



3、XLR卡侬公或母接头→TRS立体声接头:制作方面卡XLR侬接头的接点1(屏蔽接地)对接TRS立体声的接地(Ground);XLR接点2热端(+极)对接TRS的头端(+极);XLR接点3冷端(-极)对接TRS的环端(-极)。这样也是一种平衡传输方式,在专业音响系统中也是经常使用。



4、XLR卡侬公→XLR卡侬公或XLR卡侬母→XLR卡侬母:这种线有点特殊,最多使用在功放与功放之间或功放与其它周边设备之间的信号连接,制作方面也是把两个接头之间的1、2、3三个接点分别连接起来,接点1接屏蔽层,接点2接信号热端(+极),接点3接信号冷端(-极)。



还有一点,为了防止“环路干扰”,我们可以把一条信号线中的一个XLR卡侬接头的接点1(屏蔽接地)或一个TRS立体声接头的接地(Ground)在特殊情况下空出一个来不接,例如:一条XLR卡侬公对XLR卡侬母的平衡线,我们可以空出XLR卡侬母接头里面接点1(屏蔽接地)来不接,这样可以避免设备之间的某些干扰;TRS接头原理一样,任意空出一个接地(Ground)接点就好了。这样一条平衡线我们原来在制作时一共要焊接6个焊点,现在空出一个来就是焊接5个焊点了,但非平衡线不能采用此方法。



B、非平衡与非平衡之间的信号线:一般是指TS单音(声)接头→TS单音(声)接头之间的信号线,这是一种非平衡传输方式,制作方面分别把两个TS单音(声)接头之间的头端(+级)、接地(Ground)二个接点分别连接起来。



C、平衡与非平衡之间的信号线:XLR卡侬公或XLR卡侬母接头→TS单音(声)接头,这种连接方式实际上信号也变成了非平衡传输方式了,制作方面XLR卡侬接头的接点1和3合并接屏蔽线然后对接TS单音(声)接头的接地(Ground);XLR接点2热端(+极)对接TS单音(声)接头的头端(+极)。在专业音响系统中这种线经常使用在包厢卡拉OK系统中做话筒线用。



D、音箱线:在专业音响系统的功放与音箱连接中,音箱线的电阻应该尽量低,选用粗、短一些的线材及合理的布线。现在的音箱一般使用四芯专业接头,功放也一般采用了四芯专业接头或接线柱,在制作方面,把音箱四芯专业接头的1(+极)和1(-极)与功放输出的(+极)和(-极)正确连接好就行了。还有一些采用TS单声道接头及接线柱的音箱或功放,其连接的原理一样。都是正极对正极,负极对负极,要是接反了音箱会反相,这样会影响音箱的音质及稳定性,同时在连接时避免短路,否则会损害功放设备。



总体来说以上就是我们经常在系统中使用的连接线种类了,也许以前大家没有非常注重信号线及音箱线的连接,以信号线为例:其实它就像人体内的血管一样的重要!而且从稳定性和长远性考虑,我们一定要使用优质的线材和优质的接插头,并保证优质、无故障的把它们焊接好。现在我做工程时不管多么忙多么累,系统中所有的信号连接线我都习惯自己亲手焊接,如果采用了别人焊接的信号线连接了系统,心里就一点底都没有,就好像你不知道前进的路上哪里会有一颗地雷一样,你也不知道哪条信号线会在何时出现故障,所以相对而言,再烂的设备我也可以相信它的稳定性,但我不会随便相信质量得不到保障的信号连接线及音箱线!



四、音响系统设备连接顺序:



制作好了各种信号连接线后,就要准备进行设备连接了,现在音响系统中周边设备比较多,连接时候总要有个先后,在我去年一系列文章中其实已经有过介绍,这里再归纳几个简单的连接顺序:



1、低音系统设备连接顺序:调音台(1-2编组)→均衡器→分频器→压限器→低音功放→低音音箱。



2、辅助音响系统设备连接顺序:调音台(3-4编组)→均衡器→延时器(可选)→压限器→辅助音箱功放→辅助音箱。



3、主音响系统设备连接顺序:调音台(LR主通道)→均衡器→激励器(可选)→反馈抑制器(可选)→压限器→主音箱功放→主音箱。



4、监听系统设备连接顺序:调音台(AUX输出)→均衡器→压限器→监听音箱功放→监听音箱。



以上第1种连接方式可以单独控制低音的音量,这样我们在慢摇或迪高时调音台1-2编组的音量就可以开大些,在歌手演唱时就可以开小些,这样很灵活;第2种连接方法也可以很好的控制辅助音箱的声音;第3种主音箱我们当然习惯从调音台的LR总输出来输出音量;第4种监听系统,标准来说要从AUX来输出音量,这样可以按照歌手或乐队的要求,灵活调整调音台各声道的音量,但在较小的音响系统中,监听信号可以直接从主通道信号取。以上第1和第2种连接法还要注意:既然1-2、3-4编组我们已经从后面相对应的输出口独立输出信号了给低音系统和辅助系统了,那1-2、3-4编组就不要再通过调音台的总音量输出了,也就是1-2、3-4编组到调音台总音量的切换开关就不要再开了。



当然我们还是要根据需要和设备的数量来灵活安排设备连接时的顺序,以上顺序只供参考。



五、设备连接时的要点:



以上简单介绍了各种连接线的种类、制作以及设备连接顺序,在设备的具体连接中,面对各种各样、数目繁多的设备插口,好多音响师就不知道怎么下手了,其实很简单,大家只要记住以下几点就好了:



1、Balance平衡方式:现在大多数音响设备后面板上的插口都是平衡端口,我们只不过是选择是用XLR卡侬接头的平衡线路来连接设备还是用TRS6.35cm立体声接头的平衡线路来连接设备而已。



2、Unbalance非平衡方:虽然现在大多数音响设备后面板上的插口都是平衡端口,但有一些设备还是有非平衡端口的,比如有些电子分频器的输出插口有的就标有:BalanceOUT(平衡输出)和UnbalanceOUT(非平衡)输出,所以我们也可以采用TS6.35cm单声道接头的非平衡线来连接设备,只要线路不要太长,干扰不要太大,这样连接还是可以的。



3、IN输入和OUT输出:有的初学者一看设备后面有那么多插口就晕了,其实有个诀窍:不管什么音响设备,基本上都可以分为“IN输入”和“OUT输出”两大部分的,因此我们只要认准“IN和OUT”就好了,其它不熟悉的插口不要随便连接,总之连接设备像流水一样:上游的水流过来就要流进“IN输入”;而流向下游的水就要通过“OUT输出”再流出去,这样一级一级的不是很简单明了了吗?

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