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Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) has a broader application range compared to paper chromatography, mainly due to its advantages such as faster analysis, higher sensitivity and resolution, a wide selection of developing agents, and the ability to handle larger sample loads when preparing thin layers. Although one-step TLC is generally considered a qualitative or semi-quantitative technique—since it lags behind gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in terms of automation, resolution, and reproducibility—it still offers several unique benefits.
One key advantage of TLC is that it places no restrictions on the nature of the substances being separated, making it highly versatile for a wide range of applications. The stationary phase is used only once, which simplifies sample preparation significantly. Additionally, the planar structure of the thin layer provides a multi-column effect, allowing multiple samples to be analyzed simultaneously, thus reducing overall analysis time.
Another benefit is the flexibility in optimizing the developing agent's composition, which makes TLC highly adaptable. It is not limited by a single detection method, so different analytical approaches can be applied based on the properties of the compounds being analyzed. This allows for both qualitative and quantitative assessments on the same chromatogram, and repeated measurements are easily performed.
Once a typical chromatogram is obtained, it can be scanned or color-photographed for long-term storage. Moreover, when using highly efficient adsorbents and advanced instrumentation, the resolution and reproducibility of TLC can be significantly improved, making it more reliable for quantitative analysis.
Therefore, TLC is not a substitute for GC or HPLC, but rather a complementary technique that remains widely used in various fields. Thousands of practical applications in planar chromatography are primarily related to TLC. According to rough estimates, about 30% of pharmaceuticals, 25% of clinical and biochemical samples, 15% of environmental chemistry studies, 10% of food and agricultural analyses, and 5% of inorganic and organometallic compounds involve TLC. An additional 15% of problems across different areas also rely on this technique.
In conclusion, despite its limitations, TLC continues to play an essential role in analytical chemistry due to its simplicity, versatility, and cost-effectiveness. Its continued use highlights its value in both research and industrial settings.
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