Positioning card design: The positioning module is based on the STM32 microcontroller as its core. Specifically, the ST STM32WCBU6x chip is used, which features a 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 core. This chip integrates a 2.4GHz IEEE 802.15.4 compatible transceiver along with 128KB of Flash memory and 8KB of RAM, making it a high-performance wireless system-on-a-chip (SoC). The main control schematic is illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the main controller circuit. To enable data transmission and reception, an external MCU is required to communicate with the module via a USART interface. The module provides a compliant USART interface with an IO level range of 2.4V to 3.6V and a nominal logic level of 3.3V. The communication setup involves connecting the module's receive (RX) pin to the external MCU's transmit (TX) pin, without using hardware flow control. This configuration ensures reliable and efficient data exchange between the two components.
The use of STM32 as the main controller in the Zigbee module significantly enhances the overall system performance and improves the accuracy of personnel positioning. Additionally, the Zigbee device in this solution can operate on standard batteries, offering a long battery life of at least six months, which helps reduce maintenance costs. To further improve signal reliability and minimize errors, the maximum likelihood estimation method is applied when analyzing the relationship between communication distance and signal strength. This approach ensures more accurate and stable positioning results in real-world applications.
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