Although technologies, processes, and materials vary from generation to generation, the design and implementation of effective static control programs are based on the following five concepts:
1. Design your components, products and assemblies by designing static electricity protection into components and products to make it more reasonable to avoid electrostatic discharge (ESD). If possible, use static-insensitive components or provide appropriate input protection for those electrostatic discharge-sensitive (ESDS, ESD-sensiTIve) components that you use. Paradoxically, advanced production techniques mean more compact and more complex geometries, often more sensitive to ESD. However, the more ESD control is established in the product design, the fewer problems will occur afterwards.
2, eliminate the static electricity generated materials and processes are obvious, product design is not a complete answer. You can't evade ESD components and products, but you can reduce or eliminate the generation and accumulation of electrostatic discharges. The first step is to reduce or eliminate as many of the static-generated processes or materials as possible from the working environment, such as ordinary plastics. Because ESD does not occur between materials that maintain the same potential or zero potential, the process or material in the work environment should be maintained at the same electrostatic potential. Typically, these conductive or dissipative materials should be electrically connected to the same common ground, such as an electrical ground. In addition, the ground wire is provided to the surface of the electrostatic wristband, the floor or the table to safely reduce the generation and accumulation of discharge.
3. Dissipate or neutralize electrostatic discharges. Because all the generation of static electricity cannot be completely eliminated, our third principle is to safely disperse or neutralize the electrostatic discharges that are to occur. Proper grounding and conductive or dissipative materials play a major role. For example, workers with static electricity entering the work environment can remove static electricity from their body by stepping through the ESD floor mat with an electrostatic wrist strap or an ESD-controlled work shoe to transfer static electricity to the ground instead of discharging sensitive components. For some objects, such as ordinary plastics and other insulators, grounding does not eliminate electrostatic discharge. Typically, ions are used to neutralize the discharge on these insulating materials. The ion action process produces positive and negative ions that are attracted to the surface of the discharge object, thus effectively neutralizing the electrostatic discharge.
4. Provide physical protection for electrostatic discharges Our fourth principle is to prevent electrostatic discharges from coming into contact with sensitive components and assemblies. One method is to provide proper grounding or shunting of components and assemblies to disperse any discharge from the product. The second method is to package and transport sensitive components in appropriate packaging materials. These materials effectively shield the product from static electricity and reduce static electricity generated by the movement of any product in the package.
5. Detect your process and environment.
For example, a field meter is used to detect the presence of an electrostatic field that is likely to cause an ESD hazard. Measurement is the surest method. You identify and quantify areas that really need static protection, allowing you to focus on those areas that are most concerned. In addition, you can identify areas that do not create an ESD hazard, saving you the cost of unnecessary protection.
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