The most striking design of Spanish architect Javier Pioz is “Eco-Skyscraper – Vertical Sky Garden Cityâ€, which pioneered and developed a building structure system up to 1,228 meters. This concept of “super†skyscrapers, which overcomes the stress limits and high-altitude obstacles faced by traditional buildings over 500 meters, has attracted a lot of interest and heated controversy since it was promoted at an international conference in London in 1997. .
Do we need such a skyscraper that transcends reality? Is it possible for the life of the building and the life of mankind to extend into such a “high up†space? Recently, the “Spanish Design Masters Dialogue with China†event was touring in Shanghai, Shenzhen, Beijing, Chengdu and other places. At the first stop of the event, the Shanghai Art Museum, the reporter saw the same Einstein. architect. Antonio Gaudi is his idol. He used his tree-shaped skyscraper to pay tribute to GaudÃ's “Holy Family Church†and because of his design beyond the contemporary situation of the building, he was able to remotely reflect the mixed reputation that Gaudi faced in his time. .
Need a "super" skyscraper in the future?
Oriental Morning Post: Do you think we really need such a tall building? Nowadays, the ordinary tens of meters high skyscraper has made people feel depressed.
Pios: The background of today's ultra-high skyscrapers is different from that of the 20th century skyscrapers. The only thing in common is that this has become the trend of human beings. In the last 150 years, the global population has increased by 12 times; in the next few decades, the global population will grow from 6 billion to 12 billion. The space of the earth is getting smaller and smaller, and it is obviously impossible for the city to expand infinitely on the plane and occupy the land infinitely. Just like a pair of pants you bought when you were young, you kept growing tall, and the pants were only that long. There will always be a day, even if you turn the trousers down, it is stretched. Today's cities are faced with the problem that there is no excess land and energy that can be consumed by people, and human beings need to create a completely different urban form from today's cities. Therefore, I think the most reasonable solution is not a large number of medium-sized high-rise buildings, but a small amount of large-scale skyscrapers to reduce the occupation of land and energy. It turns out that the energy consumption of a 400-meter-high building is much smaller than that of 10 40-meter high buildings or 8 50-meter high buildings.
Oriental Morning Post: Is it really pessimistic? In these years, Asia, especially China, has grown more and more well-controlled, and large cities such as Shanghai have even begun to experience negative population growth.
Pios: The reality is that the future population will no longer be a problem of a country or a city, but a global problem. The population of my city of Madrid is 3 million 20 years ago, and now only 5 million, the birth rate is 0.5%, which is the lowest in the world. But what we can't ignore is that in recent years, the population of Spain has increased from 40 million to 50 million. The growth of 25% of the base is not Spanish, but immigrants. When a country and a city are controlling the population and the economy is getting rich, it will be inevitable to attract foreign populations. Today's China and Shanghai are also in this period. For example, I myself, I was still in Madrid last week, I am in Shanghai today, flying around, and the growth of the population is more intense. Therefore, we cannot think about the development of the city from the cities around us today. Global cities need a new form of development.
The life of the building makes us "live"
Oriental Morning Post: 500 meters is the theoretical limit of the current building height, and the existing building structure cannot support the force exceeding this height. Moreover, traditional high-rise buildings have faced the dilemma of occupying a large number of areas (about 50% to 60% of the building surface of skyscrapers) to house the technology system that serves people. How will you overcome these problems in your design?
Pios: This is why I turned to nature to find the answer. Spiders can weave complex spider webs with a very simple line. Naturally, our revelation is far more than just creating the complex structure with the simplest materials. The scale of 1228 meters is not the most important in my thinking. What is important is that I want to design a living building that can grow. Many of the tall buildings built in the 20th century are not too ugly. People call them "glass boxes," but in my opinion, they are "dead."
Oriental Morning Post: Why? What kind of building do you think is "dead", what kind of building is "live"?
Pios: The shell on the back of a snail is alive, but if I use the form of a snail shell to build a house, the house may be dead. In many houses, you can't see the information other than "substance". There is no intimacy, no sense of distance, no attraction, no rejection, and no death. This is the first concept I am looking for: What is life? Will the building have a life that mimics the form of nature? Have you ever walked into a forest or a grove? Describe your feelings at the time.
Oriental Morning Post: It seems that I have become a tree there. (laugh)
Pios: This is nature. You feel that you will grow like a small tree in it. Live, all the blood vessels and carbohydrates in your body have become the same components as the branches and juice of the tree. The energy is not felt in the reinforced concrete city. This is also the sense of life of the building I insist on. In the small towns of Spain, in the afternoon, the sun is warm, and the residents put the stools against the wall, which is very pleasant. This small face-to-face or back-to-back space has made them very happy. It is also like in nature, when you see the finer structure of the organism, the more you feel the power of nature, it produces so many complicated structures. Small things are often very essential. So my building is not a concept that is highly regarded as many people understand. I hope that my architecture conveys to people the feeling that we are in a growing, vibrant forest, just like a little old man in Spain. A warm afternoon of sunshine took the chair against the wall. The building and its people and life are both life and energy.
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