We must deal with the problems of large power grids and decentralized power supply in a flexible and pragmatic manner from the perspective of environmental protection, market competition and technological progress. Large-capacity, high-parameter generating units, ultra-high voltage, long-distance, and centralized power supply from large power grids are the roads that some industrialized countries have followed. But the situation is changing, and more and more people abroad have put forward different views on whether or not to follow this path in the next century. An article by the British Economist magazine on March 28, 1998 said, "It may happen-what is actually happening is that in the newly added power generation, the proportion of small power plant power generation is increasing ... This century 20 Prior to the decade, most companies generated their own electricity. The trend is now to return to this direction, and the power industry is returning to the roots. "A collection of" Decentralized Power Generation "published by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in 1996 was loosely regulated in the electricity market. As a result of the changes, analysts predict that by 2002, among the new retail revenues, decentralized power generation may dominate. "In 1998, the well-known British Anderson Consulting Company interviewed the heads of European power companies and the heads of government regulation. The research report said that the power industry will be completely changed by 2015 ... large and remote from load centers Power plants will increasingly be replaced by small and clean power generation methods close to the load center.
These load centers will reduce the need for expensive long-distance transmission lines. "An international power organization called the International Combined Heat and Power (ICA) was recently established in Brussels. Its purpose is to promote clean, efficient and decentralized power production worldwide. It predicts that this is the direction of power development in the next century. .
The above views are not personal opinions.
1. Conditions generated by the centralized power supply of large power plants and large power grids 1.1 In order to reasonably use the unevenly distributed energy resources (fossil fuels and hydropower) and nuclear energy, large hydropower stations, pit-mouth thermal power plants, and nuclear power plants must be built. Centralized power supply for large power grids.
1.2 The requirements of power supply reliability, stability and economy have promoted the formation and development of large power grids.
1.3 In recent decades, the development of large-capacity unit manufacturing, high voltage, automatic control and other technologies have made it possible for large grids to provide centralized power supply.
1.4 The power industry has formed a monopoly industry for several decades. The monopoly industry has the need and potential to develop large grid power supply. The large power grid also helps consolidate the monopoly position.
2 After entering the 21st century, the above-mentioned basic conditions for the development of large power grids and large power plants have been seriously challenged 2.1 Regional and global environmental pressures Conventional thermal power plants, hydropower plants and nuclear power plants have been severely challenged by ecology and environment, especially global climate change. The major environmental problem of warmth makes it difficult for industrialized countries to develop thermal power plants. Nuclear power is also difficult to go down because of safety issues. The pressure faced by developed countries today will not be ours in many years.
2.2 Challenges for the development of new technologies Large power plants and large power grids are economically reasonable in terms of economies of scale. But they are not economical compared to the use of new technologies to generate electricity. The law of thermodynamics determines that the efficiency of thermal power plants can only be a little more than 30%, and the losses of auxiliary power and variable transmission can reach about 15%. The efficiency of the combined cycle of gas and steam in the early 21st century is expected to reach 60%. The efficiency of decentralized combined heat and power generation has reached a "decentralized" power system that is widely integrated with small power plants. It will happen sooner or later. This is the future of electricity. Industrial development direction. Implement power demand side management and initiate a load revolution.
In the late 1970s, energy analysis experts put forward the theory of energy demand side management, and believed that through load management and electricity price policies, measures such as peak clipping, valley filling, load transfer, strategic power saving, and flexible load can be taken to suppress the load curve and save Power and electricity, economical operation of power grids, improved user services, and reduced environmental pollution can benefit power companies, power users, and the state. Since the emergence of power demand side management, great changes have taken place in power planning, with minimum cost planning and integrated resource planning. In the late 1980s, especially since the 1990s, power demand side management and integrated resource planning have gradually expanded to many countries, including both developed countries and developing countries with severe shortages in power supply and investment. Power demand side management in China It has been launched and has achieved very good results.
Facing the coming of the great development period of the power industry in the 21st century, what measures should China take to change the lagging problem in the major transformation of the world's energy structure? 1) Continue to implement the policy of primary energy consumption with domestic energy as the mainstay. Must vigorously explore and develop domestic oil, natural gas and coal bed methane to increase the proportion of oil and gas in primary energy consumption; vigorously develop integrated gasification gas steam combined cycle power generation (IGCC), atmospheric pressure circulating fluidized bed boiler power station (CFBC) , Pressurized Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Power Station (PFBC); to develop renewable energy power generation methods under economic and reasonable conditions, it is necessary to highlight the accelerated development of conventional large and medium-sized hydropower stations, and develop wind and solar power stations appropriately; to study coal gasification and Liquefaction to make up for the shortage of domestic oil and natural gas. Due to the low proportion of oil and natural gas, it will affect gas-steam combined cycle power generation and small-scale combined heat and power (CHP) and small-scale combined heat and power (CCHP), but where there is natural gas supply, it should still be appropriately developed and 2) implement vigorous improvement Primary energy consumption structure, while making full use of domestic oil and natural gas energy, vigorously import oil and natural gas, use oil and natural gas to replace the non-commercial energy firewood and straw used by rural residents, and replace the currently widely used direct coal combustion the amount. Due to the relatively rich oil and gas resources, it is possible to develop fewer IGCC, CFBC, and PFBC, develop large, medium, and small gas-steam combined cycle power plants as much as possible, and develop small-scale CHP and CCHP, in order to achieve an early "decentralized" power system.
In summary, we should welcome the coming of the era of great development of the power industry with full confidence, and welcome the 21st century as the main energy source. In the first 20 years of the 21st century, we must strive to solve the problem of delays in the transformation of the world ’s energy structure, and eliminate non-commercial energy in rural areas and the widespread use of direct coal in urban and rural areas as soon as possible to reduce environmental pollution. Starting from the reality of China's energy resources, electrification should be implemented as soon as possible and the standards for electrification should be raised.
2.3 The challenge of breaking the monopoly, deregulation, and the world trend of free competition The monopoly position of the power industry worldwide is being seriously challenged. To meet the challenge, some regional, decentralized and efficient power supply methods (such as decentralized cogeneration) are becoming strong competitors of power companies.
Some conditions that have begun to appear in our country are also worth noting. In the past two years, large power units of the Guangdong power grid were shut down to generate electricity, but local diesel generators were at full capacity. In addition to being affected by irregularities, this situation seems to give us a noteworthy signal from a market perspective. Another example is that after natural gas enters Beijing, if it can be used for power generation, centralized large-scale gas turbine combined cycle power generation may compete with small-scale power generation that cannot be dispersed by co-generation of heat, power and cold. A few years ago, when I participated in the UN Working Group in Bonn to review the German government ’s environmental report, I saw that the original East German regional thermal power plant was shut down due to low efficiency and heavy pollution, giving way to the original West German model with high efficiency and light pollution. The decentralized power supply and heating (gas) method.
3 It is suggested that China's power industry still needs to develop large power plants and large power grids under the premise of good economic benefits. But when we formulate development strategies and long-term plans, we must recognize the challenges facing the power industry in the 21st century. Of course, the decentralized and regional power generation that we are talking about now is small-scale power generation based on new technologies. It is a kind of high-efficiency, low-pollution decentralized power generation of multiple energy sources (especially natural gas and renewable energy) We used to repeat the power generation of small coal-fired thermal power units with low efficiency and heavy pollution.
When formulating long-term plans, we must deal with the problems of large power grids and decentralized power supply in a flexible and pragmatic manner from the perspective of environmental protection, market competitiveness, and technological progress. While paying attention to the large power grid market, the State Power Corporation does not seem to overlook this promising market for the decentralized supply of small units using new technologies.
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